Colorectal cancer affects the colon and rectum and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early detection through screening tests like colonoscopy significantly improves survival rates. Risk factors include age above 50, family history, inflammatory bowel disease, unhealthy diet, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle.
Symptoms
- Changes in bowel habits (constipation or diarrhea)
- Blood in stool or rectal bleeding
- Abdominal discomfort or bloating
- Unexplained weight loss and fatigue
- Feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation
Prevention & Screening
Regular screenings and early detection are critical. A diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables, maintaining healthy weight, limiting red and processed meats, quitting smoking, and regular exercise reduce risk. Genetic counseling is recommended for those with strong family history.
Treatment Options
- Surgical removal of tumors or affected colon sections
- Chemotherapy and radiotherapy for advanced cases
- Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in select patients
- Lifestyle and dietary management to support recovery
Conclusion
Raising awareness about colorectal cancer, encouraging timely screenings, and adopting a healthy lifestyle can significantly reduce incidence and improve survival rates. Early intervention remains the most effective strategy against this disease.
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